Authors
Last name of the authors, the initials of the first name. You write them in the same order as in the article. Use & before the last author’s name.
Year
The year the article was published.
Article title
The title of the article should not be italicized.
Journal title
Italicized. End with a comma (not italicized).
Volume
Italicized. If the journal lacks volume, use the year instead. The year will then be in the reference twice.
Issue
If there is no issue, skip this part.
Pages
Write the article page range with a hyphen. Skip this part if there are no page numbers.
Link
Always include the DOI-link if there is one. The DOI-link is the permanent place of the article.
Further reading on how to write references for journal articles on APA Style: Journal Article References
Different journals use different combinations of denoting volume and number. Some journals only have volumes, others have only numbers, while others use both volume and number. The volume is a part of the journal name and should therefore also be in italics, just as the journal name should be, whereas the issue is stated in regular, non-italic, form, within parentheses.
Search the reference in Primo or any database to see if the information is there. If there is no volume or number, just skip that part of the reference.
Examples of references that lack certain information can be found on APA's website: Journal article with missing information.
Articles can be in both printed and digital forms. The difference is that you, in the latter case, add a link to the article. This is usually a so-called DOI (Digital Object Identifier), a unique and persistent URL that will take you to the article even if it is moved from one place to another on the journal's website.
Note! For articles without DOIs from most academic research databases, there is no need to include a URL. Only include the URL if the article is from a website. Read more about this on APA Style: When to include DOIs and URLs
Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217.
If the article comes from a website, include a URL.
Green, B. (2018). A qualitative investigation of bullying of individuals with disabilities on a college campus. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(2), 135-147. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31
Author, A. A. (year). Article title. Journal Title, volume(issue), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx
Houle, C. (2019). Social mobility and political instability. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 63(1), 85–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002717723434
Göksoy, S. (2017). Situations that Make Students Happy and Unhappy in Schools. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(12A), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.051312
How you refer to a source in running text depends on how many authors the source has. Under In-text citation, Basic Styles, you will find instructions on how to refer to your sources.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Article title. Journal Title, volume(issue), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx
Ebrahimzadeh, A., & Giski, Z. E. (2019). Tsallis entropy of partitions in quantum logics. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 58(3), 672–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-018-3966-1
Mangeloja, E., & Hirvonen, T. (2007). What Makes University Students Happy? International Review of Economics Education, 6(2), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1477-3880(15)30105-5
How you refer to a source in running text depends on how many authors the source has. Under In-text citation, Basic Styles, you will find instructions on how to refer to your sources.
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Article title. Journal Title, volume(issue), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx
Norling, J. C., Sibthorp, J., Suchy, Y., Hannon, J. C., & Ruddell, E. (2010). The benefit of recreational physical activity to restore attentional fatigue: The effects of running intensity level on attention scores. Journal of Leisure Research, 42(1), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2010.11950198
Colella, M., Bisanzo, M., Farquhar, C., Nambaziira, R., Carter, E., Gimbel, S., & O'Malley, G. (2019). Implementation and evaluation of an innovative leadership and teacher training program for non-physician emergency medicine practitioners in Uganda. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 9(1), 25–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2018.12.002
For articles with three to twenty authors, the first author is followed by et al. unless it becomes unclear (that is when the citation becomes the same as another reference). In these cases, add as many names as necessary to make the citing unique.
The first time the source is cited in the text:
Both Kapoor, Bloom, Montez, et al. (2017) and Kapoor, Bloom, Zucker, et al. (2017) have reported on this.
How you refer to a source in running text depends on how many authors the source has. Under In-text citation, Basic Styles, you will find instructions on how to refer to your sources.
Author, A., Author, B., Author, C., Author, D., Author, E., Author, F., Author, G., Author, H., Author, I., Author, J., Author, K., Author, L., Author, M., Author, N., Author, O., Author, P., Author, Q., Author, R., Author, S.,. . . Author, Z. (year). Article title. Journal Title, volume(issue), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–472. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2
For articles with three to twenty authors, the first author is followed by et al. unless it becomes unclear (that is when the citation becomes the same as another reference). In these cases, add as many names as necessary to make the citing unique.
How you refer to a source in running text depends on how many authors the source has. Under In-text citation, Basic Styles, you will find instructions on how to refer to your sources.
Some journals online use article numbers instead of page numbering. This article number is found in the article or on the journal's webpage. In the reference, provide the article number instead of the page range.
Author, A. A., & Author, C. C. (year). Article title. Journal Title, volume(number), Article XXXXX. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx
Jerrentrup, A., Mueller, T., Glowalla, U., Herder, M., Henrichs, N., Neubauer, A., & Schaefer, J. R. (2018). Teaching medicine with the help of “Dr. House”. PLoS ONE, 13(3), Article e0193972. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193972
or articles with three to twenty authors, the first author is followed by et al. unless it becomes unclear (that is when the citation becomes the same as another reference). In these cases, add as many names as necessary to make the citing unique.
How you refer to a source in running text depends on how many authors the source has. Under In-text citation, Basic Styles, you will find instructions on how to refer to your sources.
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Article title. Journal Title. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx
Dardas, L. A., Woodward, A., Scott, J., Xu, H., & Sawair, F. A. (2018). Measuring the social impact of nursing research: An insight into altmetrics. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13921
O'Shea, M. (2018). Understanding proactive behavior in the workplace as a function of gender [Manuscript in preparation]. Department of Management, University of Kansas.
Enter the author/author's affiliation in a distinct way.
Yoo, J., Miyamoto, Y., Rigotti, A., & Ryff, C. (2016). Linking positive effect to blood lipids: A cultural perspective [Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Lippincott, T., & Poindexter, E. K. (2019). Emotion recognition as a function of facial cues: Implications for practice [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Department of Psychology, University of Washington.
Pachur, T., & Scheibehenne, B. (in press). Unpacking buyer-seller differences in valuation from experience: A cognitive modeling approach. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.
For articles with three to twenty authors, the first author is followed by et al. unless it becomes unclear (that is when the citation becomes the same as another reference). In these cases, add as many names as necessary to make the citing unique.
How you refer to a source in running text depends on how many authors the source has. Under In-text citation, Basic Styles, you will find instructions on how to refer to your sources.
Some articles you find online might miss some information, such as volume, issue number, and page numbers. They have not yet acquired this information but are still published online before they are formally included in an issue. However, they have often been assigned a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) which is a unique and persistent URL that will take you to the article even if it is moved from one place to another on the journal's website. In the APA manual, this kind of article is called "Advance online publication", but different publishers use other labels for the same thing, such as Latest Articles, EarlyCite, Early View, OnlineFirst, In Press etc.
Basically, you create a reference to this kind of article in the same way as for ordinary published articles, except that you leave out the information about volume, issue, and page numbers. Instead, you use the phrase "Advance online publication" before the DOI link. You write the year that the article was published online on the journal's website.
Other articles might be manuscripts that have been sent to a journal, but are in different stages before publication, in which case you can use the phrase "Manuscript in preparation". Or they might have been published online as "Advance online publication". If the manuscript is ready, but not published or sent to a journal, use the phrase "Unpublished manuscript". If it has been sent to a journal, but not yet accepted, use the phrase "Manuscript submitted for publication". If the manuscript has been accepted, but not yet published online as "Advance online publication", use the phrase "in press" instead of the year.
Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, pages (use "p." for a single page and "pp." for multiple pages).
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
Commentary: If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a comma (e.g. pp. B1, B3, B5-B7). If the newspaper consists of different sections, like A, B, C, etc., state those before the page numbers as well.
Gör en insats för klimatet - ät ett vildsvin. (2019, March 12). Jönköpings-Posten, p. 2.
Put the article title in the place of the author.
It is sufficient to enter the year in the citation in the in-text citations and exclude the date.
Read more about how to write references to newspaper articles on APA style: Newspaper Article References
What differentiates a digital newspaper from a print version is only that you in the first case enter a link without pages.
In the 7th edition of APA, you don´t have to write the phrase "Retrieved from" as was done in the 6th edition. The exception is when referencing information on web pages where updates can occur without dates for the update (see the chapter about Websites).
Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Name of the newspaper. https://xxxx
Fountain, H. (2019, April 25). A respite from record losses, but tropical forests are still in trouble. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/climate/tropical-forest-deforestation.html
A whistleblower in Xinjiang has been detained: Is China behind the arrest? (2019, March 11). Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com
Commentary: Put the article title in the place of the author in the reference.
Also note that if the article title ends with punctuation marks, like a question mark or an exclamation mark, do not insert a full stop (period) after the punctuation mark.
For articles with no author specified, the title of the article is used as the main entry, instead of an author name. In the in-text citation, write the title within quotation marks, and it is enough to write the beginning of the title if it is long.
Read more about this on APA Style Blog: When and How to Include Page Numbers in APA Style Citations
