Author
Last name of the author, the initial of the first name. If the book has several authors, write them in the same order as in the book.
Year
The year the book was published.
Title
Italicized. For a two-part title, capitalize the first word of the second part of the title: Title: Title
Publisher
The name of the publisher.
Author, A. (year). Title. Publisher.
Kotler, P. (2016). Democracy in decline: Rebuilding its future. Sage Publications.
When the authors are written in the running text you write 'and' instead of the ampersand (&):
In the reference list:
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title. Publisher.
Blackstock, J., & Low, S. (2019). Geoengineering our climate? Ethics, politics and governance. Routledge.
If a book has three or more authors, you only include the first author's name and "et al.".
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (year). Title. Publisher.
Fast, K., Jansson, A., Lindell, J., Bengtsson, L. R., & Tesfahuney, M. (2018). Geomedia studies: Spaces and mobilities in mediatized worlds. Routledge.
If an organization has an established acronym (abbreviation), you write the full name the first time you cite the source, include the acronym within parentheses, and use only the acronym the subsequent times you cite the same source. Note that if you write the full name within parenthesis, you write the acronym within square brackets, but if you write the full name in the running text you state the acronym within ordinary parentheses.
Organization. (year). Title. Publisher.
World Health Organization. (2015). Mental health atlas 2014.
When the organizational author and publisher are the same, you leave out the publisher's information to avoid repetition.
For books and reports with organizational authors in digital form, see the sections E-book and e-book chapter and Report with the organizational author.
Editor, A. (Ed.). (year). Title of the book. Publisher.
Use "Ed." for books with one editor and "Eds." for books with two or more editors.
Ekström, M., Kroon, Å., & Nylund, M. (Eds.). (2006). News from the interview society. Nordicom.
When citing a book that is not the first edition, it is important to state which edition you are referring to. This is because the content you are citing may not be present in other editions of the book, and you want to guide your reader to the exact edition you are citing.
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title (Xth ed.). Publisher.
Commentary: Use the abbreviation "ed." for edition. The edition number is stated, followed by the ordinal number abbreviation: use "th" for all numbers except those that end with 2 as second, and 3 as third, examples: 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th ... 21st, 22nd, 23rd, etc.
Carr, I., & Kidner, R. (2003). Statutes and conventions on international trade law (4th ed.). Cavendish.
In general, you don't need to include the translator of a publication. However, when it comes to works where the translator is of importance concerning the interpretation of the work, this can be included, for example in philosophical works and fiction. You can also include the year the work was originally published, especially if there is a big difference between the original work and the translation.
If you have the originally published year included in the references, write both the published year and the originally published year in the in-text citation in the following way:
Author, A. (year). Title (Translator initials. Translator last name, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published Year)
Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). (Original work published 1814)
In-text citation:
Author, A. (with Author, A.). (year). Title. Publisher.
Nyden, P., Hossfeld, L., & Nyden, G. (with Burawoy, M.). (2012). Public sociology: Research, Action, and Change. Pine Forge.
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title. Publisher. http://xxxx
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title. Publisher. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx
Organization. (year). Title. Publisher - if other than the organization. http://xxxx
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor (Ed.), Title of the whole book (pp. xxx-xxx). https://doi.org/xx.xxxx
Azam, M. (2016). Intellectual property and public health in the developing world. https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0093
World Health Organization. (2016). Women’s health and well-being in Europe: beyond the mortality advantage. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289051910
Zenou, M., & Grainger, L. (2018). Additive manufacturing of ceramic components. In J. Zhang & Y.-G. Jung (Eds.), Additive manufacturing: Materials, processes, quantifications and applications (p. 53-103). https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-01595-4
References to e-books and e-book chapters are created in the same way as those to ordinary printed books and book chapters, but you also add a link or a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), if such exists. If the e-book is a dissertation or a report, see sections Dissertations & Student theses and Reports.
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