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APA – Citing Sources

Dissertations & student theses

References for dissertations (inluding doctoral dissertations and licentiate theses) and student theses are written like references for books with additional information about publication type. Links can be added if appropriate.

Dissertation

Includes doctoral dissertations and licentiate theses. The APA manual does not give any examples of references for dissertations in printed form. 

In-text citation:

  • . . . and academic texts require reliable evidence to support any statements made (Nodén, 2023).
  • Nodén (2023) emphasizes that . . .

In the reference list:

In printed form (our suggestion):

Author, A. (year). Title of dissertation [Doctoral dissertation/Licentiate thesis]. Publisher.

In digital form (APA):

Author, A. (year). Title of dissertation  [Doctoral dissertation/Licentiate thesis, University]. Database or archive name. https://xxxx

​Reference examples:

In printed form (our suggestion):

Abusabib, M. A. (1995). African art: an aesthetic inquiry [Doctoral dissertation]. Uppsala University.

In digital form (APA):

​Siafakas, D. (2019). On particles and slags in steel casting [Doctoral dissertation Jönköping University, School of Engineering]. DiVA. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43605

Student thesis

Includes a variety of thesis types, such as bachelor's and master's theses. State the type that is given in the thesis. The APA manual does not give any examples of references for student theses in printed form.

In-text citation:

  • . . . and academic texts require reliable evidence to support any statements made (Nodén, 2023).
  • Nodén (2023) emphasizes that . . .

In the reference list:

In printed form (our suggestion):

Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of student thesis [Bachelor's thesis or Master's thesis]. Publisher.

In digital form (APA):

Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of student thesis [Bachelor's thesis or Master's thesis, University]. https://xxxx

​Reference examples:

In printed form:

Athley, J., & Mauritzson, G. (2018). Concept for stroller chassis [Bachelor's thesis]. Jönköping University, School of Engineering.

In digital form:

Svanberg, M., & Karlsson, E. (2018). Active or passive fund management: A comparison between active and passive Swedish funds before, during and after the financial crisis [Bachelor's thesis, Linnaeus University]. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75394